Vanadium - Transforming Possibilities

Improvement of High Temperature Strength by Addition of Vanadium Content of Ni–Cr–Mo Steel for Brake Discs

Abstract:

Improvements in the high-temperature strength are desired for the ferritic Ni–Cr–Mo steels used for the brake discs in mechanical brake systems on railway. The objective of this paper is to construct a constitutive equation for the high-temperature deformation in Ni–Cr–Mo steels containing small amounts of V. The examined steels were obtained by varying the addition of V from 0 mass% to 0.27 mass% in the steel. The flow stress of Ni–Cr–Mo steels was increased significantly by the addition of V. It was found that the creep mechanism of examined Ni–Cr–Mo steels was climb-controlled dislocation creep controlled by the lattice diffusion. Owing to the increase in the number of vanadium carbide (VC) particles with increasing the concentration of V, the threshold stress increased due to the Orowan mechanism and as a result, the high-temperature strength also increased. The constitutive equation for the high-temperature deformation of Ni–Cr–Mo steels containing small amounts of V was constructed. The constructed equation is useful in modeling the high-temperature strength under similar heat conditions in brake discs.

Keywords:

low alloy Ni–Cr–Mo steels, constitutive equation, high-temperature strength, Orowan stress, vanadium